Active Directory Access identity IDaa.SAzure AD gives developers an effective way to integrate identity management into their applications.Industry standard protocols such as Security Assertion Markup Language 2.SAML 2.WS Federation, and Open.ID Connect make sign on possible on a variety of platforms such as.NET, Java, Node.PHP.The REST based Graph API enables developers to read and write to the directory from any platform.Through support for OAuth 2.Microsoft and partner web APIs, and build their own highly secure web APIs.Open source client libraries are available for.NET, Windows Store, i.OS, and Android, with more libraries under development.Domain controller Wikipedia.On Microsoft Servers, a domain controller DC is a server computer12 that responds to security authentication requests logging in, checking permissions, etc.Windows domain.A domain is a concept introduced in Windows NT whereby a user may be granted access to a number of computer resources with the use of a single username and password combination.HistoryeditWith Windows NT 4 Server, one domain controller per domain was configured as the primary domain controller PDC all other domain controllers were backup domain controllers BDC.Because of the critical nature of the PDC, best practices dictated that the PDC should be dedicated solely to domain services, and not used for file, print or application services that could slow down or crash the system.Some network administrators took the additional step of having a dedicated BDC online for the express purpose of being available for promotion if the PDC failed.A BDC could authenticate the users in a domain, but all updates to the domain new users, changed passwords, group membership, etc.PDC, which would then propagate these changes to all BDCs in the domain.IC195674.gif' alt='Define Microsoft Windows Active Directory' title='Define Microsoft Windows Active Directory' />Experts Exchange Questions Domain Trusts Define AD Servers and Sites.Active Directory Windows.Microsoft Windows.Ibm Tivoli Storage Manager Support Matrix Example there.Microsoft Active Directory DownloadIf the PDC was unavailable or unable to communicate with the user requesting the change, the update would fail.If the PDC was permanently unavailable e.BDC could be promoted to be a PDC.Windows 2.Active Directory AD, which largely eliminated the concept of PDC and BDC in favor of multi master replication.However, there are still several roles that only one domain controller can perform, called the Flexible single master operation roles.Some of these roles must be filled by one DC per domain, while others only require one DC per AD forest.If the server performing one of these roles is lost, the domain can still function, and if the server will not be available again, an administrator can designate an alternate DC to assume the role in a process known as seizing the role.Primary domain controllereditIn Windows NT 4, one DC serves as the primary domain controller PDC.Others, if they exist, are usually a backup domain controller BDC.The PDC is typically designated as the first.The User Manager for Domains is a utility for maintaining usergroup information.It uses the domain security database on the primary controller.The PDC has the master copy of the user accounts database which it can access and modify.The BDC computers have a copy of this database, but these copies are read only.The PDC will replicate its account database to the BDCs on a regular basis.The BDCs exist in order to provide a backup to the PDC, and can also be used to authenticate users logging on to the network.If a PDC should fail, one of the BDCs can then be promoted to take its place.The PDC will usually be the first domain controller that was created unless it was replaced by a promoted BDC.PDC emulationeditIn modern releases of Windows, domains have been supplemented by the use of Active Directory services.In Active Directory domains, the concept of primary and secondary domain controller relationships no longer applies.PDC emulators hold the accounts databases and administrative tools.As a result, a heavy workload can slow the system down.The DNS service may be installed on a secondary emulator machine to relieve the workload on the PDC emulator.The same rules apply only one PDC may exist on a domain, but multiple replication servers may still be used.The PDC emulator master acts in place of the PDC if there are Windows NT 4.Active Directory Administrative Center DownloadIn an Active Directory infrastructure setup.StepByStep Setting Up Active Directory Sites, Subnets SiteLinks.Define a custom schedule and.Defining Terms What Is a Directory.Microsoft claimed to have a directory service in.Active Directory Services.In Windows.BDCs remaining within the domain, acting as a source for them to replicate from.The PDC emulator master receives preferential replication of password changes within the domain.As password changes take time to replicate across all the domain controllers in an Active Directory domain, the PDC emulator master receives notification of password changes immediately, and if a logon attempt fails at another domain controller, that domain controller will forward the logon request to the PDC emulator master before rejecting it.The PDC emulator master also serves as the machine to which all domain controllers in the domain will synchronise their clocks.It, in turn, should be configured to synchronise to an external NTP time source.PDC has been faithfully recreated on the Samba emulation of Microsofts SMB clientserver system.Samba has the capability to emulate an NT 4.Linux machine.Backup domain controllereditIn Windows NT 4 domains, the backup domain controller BDC is a computer that has a copy of the user accounts database.Unlike the accounts database on the PDC, the BDC database is a read only copy.When changes are made to the master accounts database on the PDC, the PDC pushes the updates down to the BDCs.Define Microsoft Windows Active Directory' title='Define Microsoft Windows Active Directory' />These additional domain controllers exist to provide fault tolerance.If the PDC fails, then it can be replaced by a BDC.In such circumstances, an administrator promotes a BDC to be the new PDC.BDCs can also authenticate user logon requests and take some of the authentication load from the PDC.When Windows 2. 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